![]() In 2020, there was speculation about a snap election prior to the regular one in 2023. However, the electoral system allowed for moving the date forward. The regular scheduled date for the first round of the elections was set for 18 June 2023. Meanwhile, the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) lost its absolute majority in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for the first time since June 2015, forcing it to rely on its coalition partner, the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) of Devlet Bahçeli, to pass legislation. That election resulted in a victory for incumbent president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who had held the position since 2014. ![]() The election marked the country's transition from a parliamentary system to a presidential one, as narrowly endorsed by voters in the controversial 2017 constitutional referendum. The previous Turkish general election took place on 24 June 2018. Main article: 2018 Turkish general election Erdoğan was re-elected in the second round with 52.18% of the vote to 47.82% for Kılıçdaroğlu.īackground 2018 elections Oğan endorsed Erdoğan, causing a split with the Ancestral Alliance, as Victory Party leader Ümit Özdağ – the leader of the alliance's largest party – endorsed Kılıçdaroğlu. Since Erdoğan's vote share was 0.5% short of winning outright, he and Kılıçdaroğlu contested a run-off vote on 28 May. Meanwhile, Kılıçdaroğlu won 44.9%, while Muharrem İnce (who remained on the ballot despite withdrawing) received 0.4%. In the first round, Erdoğan and Oğan outperformed expectations to receive 49.5% and 5.2% of the vote respectively. In most polls, voters identified the economy as their prime area of concern. The economy also featured prominently due to the rapidly rising cost of living. The government was criticised for its slow response to the earthquake and land amnesties prior to it that critics claimed left buildings more vulnerable. The main campaign issues revolved around the deadly February 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake, which left over 50,000 people dead and threatened to postpone the election date. Two other minor candidates, namely Homeland Party leader Muharrem İnce and anti-immigration ultranationalist Ancestral Alliance nominee Sinan Oğan, also reached the required 100,000 signatures to stand however, three days before the election, İnce withdrew from the election citing consistent slander and smear campaigns against him by rival candidates, though he still appeared on ballots. Though not part of the alliance, the pro-Kurdish Party of Greens and the Left Future (YSGP) and the Labour and Freedom Alliance (of which it is a member) endorsed Kılıçdaroğlu. The Nation Alliance, composed of six opposition parties including the main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP), fielded CHP leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu as its presidential candidate. Incumbent president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) ran for re-election as the joint candidate of the People's Alliance, which includes the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and two other smaller parties. It is estimated that a total of 64 million voters had the right to cast their votes in elections, 60.9 million in Turkey and 3.2 million abroad. The election had originally been scheduled to take place on 18 June, but the government moved them forward by a month to avoid coinciding with the university exams, the Hajj pilgrimage and the start of the summer holidays. It marks the first time a Turkish presidential election has gone to a run-off. Presidential elections were held in Turkey in May 2023, alongside parliamentary elections, to elect a president for a term of five years.
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